But its ghost would endure for another 39 years. 1974. A counter coup was initiated and the senior commanders of the military leadership ousted Sharif's government and took over the airport. Pakistan joined SAARC (South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation) in 1985 Internationally condemned, but extremely popular at home, Sharif took steps to control the economy. [192], The 2008 general elections marked the return of the leftists. Terrorism due to War of Afghanistan damaged the country's economy and infrastructure to a great extent from 2001-09 but Pakistan is once again developing. [113] Millions of Bengali Hindus and Muslims took refuge in eastern India leading to Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announcing support for the Bangladesh liberation war and providing direct military assistance to the Bengalis. A suicide bomber who killed 25 people in an attack on a crowded hotel in Pakistan left a grisly warning taped to his leg: "Those who spy for Americans will meet the same fate." Junejo gradually fell out with Zia as his administrative independence grew; for instance, Junejo signed the Geneva Accord, which Zia disapproved of. With US aid she imposed the Seventh Five-Year Plan to restore and centralise the national economy. Pakistan left CENTO in 1979. [99] Controversially, the East Pakistani Army did not interfere in the conflict and this caused anger in West Pakistan against East Pakistan. [97], In 1965, after Pakistan went ahead with its strategic infiltration mission in Kashmir codenamed Operation Gibraltar, India declared full-scale war against Pakistan. [89] He also promulgated the 1962 constitution. In 1947, Pakistan gained its independence from Great Britain. The blackout was reported almost simultaneously in many Pakistani cities. Nonetheless the economic situation worsened when the state currency lost a currency war with India. In 1994 she successfully approached France for the transfer of Air-independent propulsion technology. [82] The 1954 election results clarified the differences in ideology between West and East Pakistan, with East Pakistan under the influence of the Communist Party allying with the Shramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal (Workers Party) and the Awami League. [138] Zia-ul-Haq forged a strong alliance between the military and Deobandi institutions. [64] There were also problems because India cut off water supply to Pakistan from two canal headworks in its side of Punjab on 1 April 1948 and also withheld delivering Pakistan its share of the assets and funds of United India, which the Indian government released after Gandhi's pressurisation.[65]. 7. Pakistan joined OIC (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) in 1969. Pakistan … The situation was controlled by Nazimuddin who issued a waiver granting the Bengali language equal status, a right codified in the 1956 constitution. [88], General Ayub Khan was Chief Martial Law Administrator, with authority throughout the country. Responding to the terrorism, Zia used "counter-terrorism" tactics and allowed the religiously far-right parties to send thousands of young students from clerical schools to participate in the Afghan jihad against the Soviet Union. In 1973 a serious nationalist rebellion took place in Balochistan province, which was harshly suppressed; the Shah of Iran purportedly assisted with air support in order to prevent the conflict from spilling over into Iranian Balochistan. 1965 Improvement in relation because Pakistan left SEATO and CENTO. اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں. Latest and updated Mcqs of Current Affairs of the world. [104] Despite severe repression; people belonging to different occupations revolted against regime, it is known as 1968 movement in Pakistan. [86], In October 1958 President Iskandar Mirza issued orders for a massive mobilisation of the Pakistan Armed Forces and appointed Chief of Army Staff General Ayub Khan as Commander-in-chief. Web Desk. Pakistan joined OIC in 1969. 10. Share. Pakistan joined SAARC in 1985 14. Attempting to legitimise his presidency[167] Musharraf held a controversial referendum in 2002,[168] which allowed the extension of his presidential term to five years. [185] Departing an election rally in Rawalpindi on 27 December 2007, Benazir Bhutto was assassinated by a gunman who shot her in the neck and set off a bomb. [3][20], The Pakistani demand resulted in the Muslim League becoming pitted against both the Congress and the British. Pakistan Economic and Social Review Volume 49, No. A successful intervention by the USSR led to the signing of the Tashkent Agreement between India and Pakistan in 1965. [92] In 1961 the Pakistani space program was launched and the nuclear power program was continued. [104] Support for progressive and socialist groups was rising, and calls for a change of regime were gaining momentum. Pakistan joined World Bank in 1950. Pakistan joined NAM in 1979. But, if the results are confirmed, the party's share of the vote in the key constituency has dropped by about 7%. [77] The riots were investigated by a two-member court of inquiry in 1954,[78] which was criticised by the Jamaat-e-Islami, one of the parties accused of inciting the riots. [57] Diplomatic recognition became a problem when the Soviet Union led by Joseph Stalin did not welcome the partition which established Pakistan and India. In 1989, Bhutto ordered a military intervention in Afghanistan, which failed, leading her to dismiss the directors of the intelligence services. Soon after he arrived, Mountbatten concluded that the situation was too volatile for even that short a wait. It borders Iran, Afghanistan and India in Southeast Asia. Many public figures and officials suspected Benazir Bhutto's involvement in the murder, although there was no proof. The Musharraf-backed liberals eventually mustered the two-thirds majority required to pass the 17th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan. • Nasir Shabir was first Pakistani to conquer Mount Everest. [104] Within weeks Ayub Khan lost the momentum in West Pakistan and his image was damaged in public circles. Efforts were made to start a constitutional dialogue. Relations with the United States deteriorated as Pakistan normalised relations with the Soviet Union, the Eastern Bloc, North Korea, China, and the Arab world. [92] Under Ayub's presidency the country underwent a cultural shift when the pop music industry, the film industry and Pakistani drama became extremely popular during the 1960s. [66] In 1948, Ben-Gurion of Israel sent a secret courier to Jinnah to establish the diplomatic relations, but Jinnah did not give any response to Ben-Gurion. Pakistan joined OIC in 1969. [96] In 1964 the Pakistani Armed Forces quelled a suspected pro-communist revolt in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, West Pakistan, allegedly supported by communist Afghanistan. [172][173] Over two years Musharraf and Aziz survived several assassination attempts by al-Qaeda, including at least two where they had inside information from a member of the military. He came close to receiving the death sentence based on the hijacking case. Pakistan joined CENTO in 1955. Sheikh Rahman was arrested and extradited to Islamabad, while the entire Awami League leadership escaped to India to set up a parallel government. Attempting to end stagflation Sharif launched a program of privatisation and economic liberalisation. In 1976, during a secret mission, Henry Kissinger threatened Bhutto and his colleagues. US-India Partnership. The Idea of Pakistan. The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf government was slow to respond as the pandemic spread. Bengali leader, Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin succeeded as the governor general of Pakistan. Another motive and reason behind the Pakistan Movement and Two Nation Theory is the ideology of pre-partition Muslims and leaders of Muslim League including Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Allama Iqbal is that, to re-establish the Muslim rule in South Asia. Their leader, Benazir Bhutto, became the first female prime minister of Pakistan as well as the first female head of government in a Muslim-majority country. [112] Although President Khan invited the Awami League to a National Assembly session in Islamabad he did not ask them to form a government, due to opposition from the PPP. [193][194] The left oriented PPP and conservative PML, won a majority of the seats and formed a coalition government; the liberal alliance had faded. [136] Zia's state-sponsored Islamization increased sectarian divisions in Pakistan between Sunnis and Shias due to his anti-Shia policies[137] and also between Deobandis and Barelvis. [145] In retaliation the Afghan secret police carried out a large number of terrorist operations against Pakistan, which also suffered from an influx of illegal weapons and drugs from Afghanistan. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman then launched a civil disobedience movement which effectively paralysed the state machinery in East Pakistan. After the Soviet Union's intervention in Afghanistan President Ronald Reagan immediately moved to help Zia supply and finance an anti-Soviet insurgency. 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