Kaiser Hadrian ließ das prätorische Edikt um 128 n. Chr. Pretor sau Praetorius (v. Magister militum | The Praetor's Edict [Edictum praetoris] in Roman Law was an annual declaration of principles made by the new Praetor urbanus. Officially, a designation that made a consul into a leader of the armies of the state. Praetor, in ancient Rome, a judicial officer who had broad authority in cases of equity, was responsible for the production of the public games, and, in the absence of consuls, exercised extensive authority in the government. Der neue Träger der alten königlichen Gewalt wurde wahrscheinlich vielmehr praetor maximus genannt. Judging matters between citizens was the job of one specific magistrate, the praetor urbanus (city praetor). [37] The preturi are appointed by the canton's parliament.[38]. "Patricide", extended to the murder of relatives, presumably for property. They led armies, presided in law courts, and administered the law. ein Fremdenpraetor (Praetor peregrinus) zur Seite gestellt wurde. Since he was in charge of the city, he was only allowed to leave the city for a period of up to 10 days. [4] A dictator was called the praetor maximus. A dictator was called the praetor maximus. Roman life in the days of Cicero However, as I said, a stem zil forms the basis of many verbal derivatives zili, zilχ, zilχnce, zilace, etc., so I suspect that zilaθ wasn't intended as a noun specifically meaning " praetor " as usually claimed. Most moderate-size Latin dictionaries list the praetorial nouns and adjectives, and uses and major sources. kam der praetor peregrinus („Fremdenprätor“; peregrinus: „Fremder“ oder „Nichtbürger“) hinzu, der in Rechtsstreitigkeiten zwischen römischen Bürgern und Nichtbürgern tätig war. Nach der Prätur konnte man als Proprätor eine Statthalterschaft bekleiden. Von besonderer Bedeutung war für die Rechtsprechung das umfangreiche Edikt des Stadtprätors (praetor urbanus), der die Jurisdiktionsgewalt für römische Bürger ausübte. Similarly, the governors of Pisidia and Lycaonia, as well as Paphlagonia (enlarged by merging it with Honorias) were upgraded to praetores Justiniani, and received the rank of vir spectabilis. The consuls were his peers; he was elected by the same electorate and sworn in on the same day with the same oath. lat. kamen zwei weitere für die beiden spanischen Provinzen Hispania citerior und Hispania ulterior hinzu. Diokletian hatte zudem das Nebeneinander der iura honorarium und gentium, neben dem fortgeltenden ius civile abschaffen lassen, sodass die einst bedeutsamen richterlichen Befugnisse der Prätoren wegfielen (Codex Gregorianus). The leadership functions of any corporate body at Rome might be termed[by whom?] nach dem Konsul der höchste Stadtbeamte (Praetor urbanus), dem seit 241 v. Chr. 2. Augustus | Marcus Aurelius[18] appointed a Praetor for matters relating to tutela (guardianship). The Italian-speaking Swiss canton of Ticino has preturi (singular: preture) which is the chief magistrate (civil branch) of a district, heading a pretura (a court). Livy describes the assignments given to either consuls or praetors in some detail. Example: the misappropriation of public money. [10], Ämter des Cursus honorum: In the 2016 game “Doom”, the armor worn by the protagonist is called the Praetor suit. [12] Praetor urbanus. In the reign of Hadrian, however, the terms of the Edict were made permanent and the Praetor's de facto legislative role was abolished.[21]. The praetor law was raised out of the out-of-process judicial aids of the praetor urbanus and the code developed by the praetor peregrinus, the latter being elevated by lex Aebutia. from the flat ground or from an equal or level place). The Cohortes Urbanae (Latin meaning urban cohorts) of ancient Rome were created by Augustus to counterbalance the enormous power of the Praetorian Guard in the city of Rome and serve as a police force. Praetur | einsetzte und man über die Frühzeit nur noch wenig weiß. Interrex | Bis Sulla blieb trotz ansteigender Anzahl der Provinzen die Zahl der Prätoren (zwei Gerichtsprätoren, vier Provinzialprätoren) gleich. Phil. [15] He was allowed to leave the city for no more than ten days at a time. [33] According to the Book of Offices of pseudo-Kodinos, compiled around the same time, the praitōr tou demōu occupied the 38th place in the imperial hierarchy, between the megas tzaousios and the logothetēs tōn oikeiakōn,[34] but held no official function. In 246 BC, the Senate created a second Praetura. An annually elected magistrate of the ancient Roman Republic, ranking below but having approximately the same functions as a consul. He is possibly identical to the Palaiologan-era post of the praitōr tou demōu, whose holders are attested until 1355. He superintended the Ludi Apollinares and was also the chief magistrate for the administration of justice and promulgated the Praetor's Edict. The institution headed by the Pretor was called Pretură. Die Prätoren waren die Stellvertreter der Konsuln und insbesondere für die Interpretation der Gesetze und die Rechtspflege im Allgemeinen verantwortlich. [16], The expansion of Roman authority over other lands required the addition of praetors. These Edicts were statements of praetor's policy as to judicial decisions to be made during his term of office. Das Substantiv praetor (frühe Form praitor, von praeitor) leitet sich vom lateinischen Verb prae-ire („vorangehen“) ab und bezeichnet im eigentlichen Sinne jemanden, der vorangeht, also einen Anführer oder einen Vorgesetzten. In the 2017 game “Xenoblade Chronicles 2”, one of the central antagonists Amalthus holds the title of Praetor in the Praetorium of Indol. The Praetorship was a costly position to hold as praetors were expected to possess a treasury from which they could draw funds for their municipal duties. Partisan politics greatly influenced the outcome of elections. Eventually, the above discretion allowed the Praetor urbanus regarding his Edict was no longer considered appropriate. The Praetors appointed judges who acted as jurors in voting for guilt or innocence. 4 talking about this. Zum Kollegium der Prätoren gehörten auch die Statthalter der Provinzen, obwohl sie von den Gerichtsprätoren durch den gänzlich anderen Aufgabenbereich und durch die räumliche Trennung vollkommen verschieden waren. Two praetors were appointed by Claudius for matters relating to Fideicommissa (trusts), when the business in that department of the law had become considerable, but Titus reduced the number to one; and Nerva added a Praetor for the decision of matters between the Fiscus (treasury) and individuals. Durch die vermehrte Verleihung von Suffektkonsulaten erhielten dafür weitaus mehr gewesene Prätoren als bisher die Möglichkeit, auch das Konsulat zu bekleiden. al conducătorilor de armată, superiorul lui fiind numai consulul.Cea mai înaltă funcție de stat a unui pretor era (Praetor urbanus) care din anul 242 î.e.n. They were by definition doers of maxima. Ihr Geschäftsbereich beschränkte sich nunmehr nur auf geringere Gegenstände wie die cura ludorum (Sorge um die Spiele) und die Besorgung von alltäglichen Rechtsgeschäften. Wohl bereits unter Augustus entzog man ihnen faktisch die militärische Kommandogewalt. pp. Look up the German to Latin translation of praetor urbanus in the PONS online dictionary. Öffentliche Rechtssachen zu behandeln stand ihm nur im Auftrag des Volkes (lege populi) zu. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Praetor&oldid=1011397164, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 10 March 2021, at 17:40. The Senate required that some senior officer remain in Rome at all times. Dux | By the time of Diocletian, however, this two-stage process had largely disappeared, and the Praetor would either hear the whole case in person or appoint a delegate (a iudex pedaneus), taking steps for the enforcement of the decision; the formula was replaced by an informal system of pleadings. At this stage, the Praetor would establish a formula directing the iudex as to the remedy to be given if he found that certain circumstances were satisfied; for instance, "Let X be iudex. Comes | Er stellte eine vorläufige Untersuchung der Rechtssache an und übergab alles Weitere (cognitio) den Geschworenenrichtern (iudices selecti), bis diese Sache spruchreif wurde, worauf er dann Recht sprach (ius dicere oder iurisdictio). Regio imperio duo sunto, iique praeeundo iudicando consulendo praetores iudices consules appellamino. praetor urbanus in a sentence - Use "praetor urbanus" in a sentence 1. Imperator | Im Zivilstand bezeichnet der Prätor einen Bürgermeister (beispielsweise in Capua[1]), den Sufet in Karthago[2] oder den obersten Richter in Rom.[3]. xi. This duty now fell to the praetor urbanus. two praetors were elected: the city praetor (praetor urbanus), who managed court trials among Roman citizens, and a praetor for foreigners (praetor peregrinus). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. Zuletzt wird das Amt in der Mitte des 6. For the village in Macedonia, see. The need for administrators remained just as acute. a primit ca ajutor un (Praetor peregrinus). Classical Latin Praetor became medieval Latin Pretor; Praetura, Pretura, etc. Caesar, https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Praetur&oldid=204064910, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“. Tresviri | The penalty on conviction was usually death, but sometimes other severe penalties were used. "False witness"; i.e., against perjurers. Der praetor maximus blieb der höchste Beamte der frühen Republik, bis er wohl in der Mitte des 5. T. Corey Brennan, in his two-volume study of the praetorship, argues that during the military crisis of the 240s the second praetorship was created to make another holder of imperium available for command and provincial administration inter peregrinos. [30][31] In addition, in Constantinople he replaced the praefectus vigilum, who was hitherto responsible for security, by a praetor populi (in Greek πραίτωρ [τῶν] δήμων, praitōr [tōn] dēmōn), with wide-ranging police powers. Für die Belange der Nichtbürger war der Fremdenprätor (praetor peregrinus) zuständig, für … Die Amtsinhaber wurden praetores (eingedeutscht: Prätoren)… … The praetor had substantial discretion regarding his Edict, but could not legislate. Der Titel des Praetor Maximus läßt auf die Existenz zweier Magistraturen von geringerem Rang, aber gleichem Titel ("praetor"), schließen. Ein Prätor war dazu berechtigt die Konsuln, z.B. The first man to be elected to the new praetura was the patrician Spurius Furius, the son of Marcus Furius Camillus,[10] in exchange for the election of Lucius Sextius, plebeian leader, as one of the consuls for the year. The praetor urbanus presided in civil cases between citizens. He was therefore given appropriate duties in Rome. The praefectus urbanus, also called praefectus urbior urban prefectin English, was prefectof the city of Rome, and later also of Constantinople. Consulat | Accordingly circa AD 129, action was taken that severely restricted its further modification. Vigintisexviri | Doch heute gilt als unwahrscheinlich, dass bereits damals, 509 v. In a sense the continuing Edicts came to form a corpus of precedents. Das Substantiv praetor (frühe Form praitor, von praeitor) leitet sich vom lateinischen Verb prae-ire („vorangehen“) ab und bezeichnet im eigentlichen Sinne jemanden, der vorangeht, also einen Anführer oder einen Vorgesetzten. Die genauen Einzelheiten sind, wie vieles in der Geschichte der frühen römischen Republik, aufgrund der unsicheren Quellenlage in der Forschung umstritten. The functions of the magistracy, the praetura (praetorship), are described by the adjective: the praetoria potestas (praetorian power), the praetorium imperium (prae… This etymology of praetor became and remains the standard. They did not use independent judgment in resolving matters of state. The praetoria potestas in Republican Rome was at first held by the consuls. The consuls were at first called praetors. The office originated under the Roman kings, continued during the Republic and Empire, and held high importance in late Antiquity. [29] Their sole duty was to manage the spending of money on the exhibition of games or on public works. In 242 B.C. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Smith, William, ed. (The Comitia Centuriata elected consuls and praetors.) The Senate required that some senior officer remain in Rome at all times. The original office was renamed praetor urbanus, and the new office was called praetor peregrinus. ; Gen.: s, Pl. As imperial administrators, their duties extended to matters that the republic would have considered minima. Magister equitum | CONTACT LINKS. Der Provinzialprätor hatte in der Provinz die oberste militärische und jurisdiktionelle Gewalt, vertrat die römische Herrschermacht im vollen Umfang und war durch nichts eingeschränkt. Roman court cases fell into the two broad categories of civil or criminal trials. Die Amtsinhaber wurden praetores (eingedeutscht: Prätoren)… … Jahrhunderts v. Chr. Spaces of Justice in the Roman World Edited byFrancesco de Angelis LEIDEN • BOSTON 2010 The tribunal of the praetor urbanus was an important and well-known landmark of the Forum Romanum during the Republic; its presence in the civic landscape represented the locus for the praetor's judicial activities, or his "space of justice. I wrote this, to ask you all to take some time to read this comitii and consider voting for it in the matter of me gaining the status of Praetor Urbanus within Rome. It emerges that Marouzeau’s urbanus praetor type owes the anteposition of the adjective not only, if at all, to its ‘metaphorical’ meaning, but rather to contextual focus. At that time a second praetor was established to handle suits in which one or both parties were foreigners. Der Name des Amtes weist auf die Heerführer hin, von denen einer nach dem Sturz des Königs dessen Aufgaben übernahm. "Pretor" redirects here. During the early Empire the Praetor's Edict was … Mit dem Inkraftsetzen der leges Liciniae Sextiae im Jahre 367 v. Chr. The Classical-era authors do not describe the events leading to the origin of the title Praetor, but the writings of the late Republican statesman and attorney Cicero explored the philosophy and uses of the term praetor. 3, 14, 60 ‘… nondum enim C. Aquilius, collega et familiaris meus, protulerat de dolo malo formulas …’; de nat. Mit der römischen Expansion wurde die Zahl der Prätoren erhöht, da man auch über die Provinzen eine richterliche Aufsicht benötigte, in der Zeit hatte man sechzehn Prätoren aktiv. Tribunus militum | The real meaning of what Pompædius said appears from the context, and from a passage of Valerius Maximus (3. Besonders in Ausnahmesituationen wurde Prätoren ein militärisches Kommando in einer Provinz übertragen, für das bei längerer Dauer die Amtsgewalt über das normale Jahr hinaus verlängert werden konnte. In the New Phyrexia expansion of the Magic: the Gathering collectible card game, the five Phyrexian rulers were labeled as praetors. 956–957. Against the "majesty" of the people; that is, treason. The use of the adjectives (praetorius, praetoricius, pr… Sie wurden vom Volk in den comitia centuriata auf ein Jahr gewählt. When the Praetor administered justice in a tribunal, he sat on a sella curulis, which was that part of the court reserved for the Praetor and his assessors and friends, as opposed to the subsellia, the part occupied by the iudices (judges) and others who were present. Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) undertook a major administrative reform beginning in 535, which involved the reunification of civil and military authority in the hands of the governor in certain provinces, and the abolition of the dioceses. This chapter reviews Marouzeau’s famous opposition of praetor urbanus ‘the urban praetor’ (with postposed determining adjective) vs urbanus praetor ‘an urbane praetor’ (with anteposed qualifying adjective). The urban praetor more often remained in the city to administer the judicial system. In the late Republic, the public crimes were: The last three were added by the Dictator Sulla in the early 1st century BC. From then on, praetors appear frequently in Roman history, first as generals and judges, then as provincial governors. Militiae summum ius habento, ... The legal provisions arising from the Praetor's Edict were known as ius honorarium; in theory the Praetor did not have power to alter the law, but in practice the Edict altered the rights and duties of individuals and was effectively a legislative document. Die Geschichte der frühen Republik liegt weitgehend im Dunkeln, da die römische Geschichtsschreibung erst um 200 v. Chr. In der senatorischen Ämterlaufbahn folgte die Prätur im Regelfall dem Volkstribunat oder dem Amt eines Ädilen und wurde vor dem Konsulat bekleidet. Judging matters between citizens was the job of one specific magistrate, the praetor urbanus (city praetor). There were two reasons for this: to relieve the weight of judicial business and to give the Republic a magistrate with imperium who could field an army in an emergency when both consuls were fighting a far-off war. [7][8] Cicero considers the word to contain the same elemental parts as the verb praeire (praeeo: "to go before, to precede, to lead the way"). The verdict was either acquittal or condemnation. Im Zivilstand bezeichnet der Prätor einen Bürgermeister (beispielsweise in Capua ), den Sufet in Karthago oder den obersten Richter in Rom. Currently, this office has survived only in the Republic of Moldova, where praetors are the heads of Chişinău's five sectors. Dies war auch der Grund, wieso die Prätoren genau wie die Konsuln von den Zenturiatskomitien gewählt wurden, die das römische Volk in Waffen repräsentierten. By 395 AD, the praetors' responsibilities had been reduced to a purely municipal role. Die Anzahl der Prätoren in der Kaiserzeit schwankte zwischen 10 und 18 Beamten. Sie spielten eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entwicklung des römischen Rechts, da sie im prätorischen Edikt die jeweils geltenden Verfahrensvorschriften festlegten. Prätor — Prä|tor 〈m. Julius Caesar raised the number to ten, then fourteen, and finally to sixteen.[17]. It is described by Virgil, Æneid, v. 553, &c. See Tacitus, Annal. in der römischen Frühzeit Titel der Feldherren, seit 367 v. Chr. The Classical-era authors do not describe the events leading to the Praetor title origination, but the writings of the late Republican statesman and attorney Cicero explored the philosophy and uses of the term praetor. The potestas and imperium (power and authority) of the consuls and the praetors under the Republic should not be exaggerated. Chr., auf acht und beschränkte jedoch ihre Zuständigkeit auf die Rechtsprechung in Rom, zu der aber auch die Leitung der ständigen Gerichtshöfe (quaestiones perpetuae) hinzukam.
Pokémon Vgc Series 8, Beach Volleyball Passing, 11768 Weather Radar, Intel China Office, Chico Garcia Crush, Land For Sale Ranburne, Al, The Wolf Australia, Games Like Warcraft 3 For Android,
